Résumé
Introducción. La resistencia antibiótica es una de las mayores amenazas para la salud global. Una de las estrategias para su control, es la vigilancia microbiológica. Objetivo. Describir la variación de la prevalencia de cepas multidrogoresistentes (MDR) de las bacterias más frecuentemente aisladas en muestras clínicas de pacientes atendidos en un hospital de tercer nivel de una ciudad de altura en el Perú, y determinar los factores asociados a su aislamiento. Además, evaluar la prevalencia de otros fenotipos de resistencia. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional transversal a partir de una cohorte histórica de aislamientos entre los años 2012 y 2019. Resultados. La prevalencia general de cepas MDR fue 74,1%, observándose una tendencia a la disminución de la prevalencia anual de cepas de MDR en cinco de las nueve bacterias analizadas. Los factores asociados a cepas MDR se correspondían con los descritos previamente: sexo masculino, edad mayor a 75 años y hospitalización en servicios de cuidados intensivos. Además, se observó un incremento en la prevalencia de otros fenotipos de resistencia. Conclusión. Se encontró una alta prevalencia de cepas MDR en todas las bacterias evaluadas, asociadas a factores previamente descritos.
Introduction. Antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest threats to global health. One of the strategies for its control is microbiological surveillance. Objective. To describe the variation of the prevalence of multidrug resistant strains (MDR) of the most frequently isolated bacteria in clinical samples of patients treated at a tertiary care hospital in a high-altitude city in Perú and the factors associated with its isolation. Also, to assess the prevalence of other resistance phenotypes. Results. The general prevalence of MDR strains was 74,1%, observing a downward trend in the annual prevalence of MDR strains in five of the nine bacteria included. The factors associated with MDR strains corresponded to those previously described: male sex, age over 75 years, and hospitalization in intensive care services. In addition, an increase in the annual prevalence of other resistance mechanisms was evidenced. Conclusions. A high prevalence of MDR strains was found in all the bacteria evaluated, associated with previously described factors.
Résumé
Abstract Plinia trunciflora is a Brazilian native fruit tree from the Myrtaceae family, also known as jaboticaba. This species has great potential by its fruit production. Due to the high content of essential oils in their leaves and of anthocyanins in the fruits, there is also an increasing interest by the pharmaceutical industry. Nevertheless, there are few studies focusing on its molecular biology and genetic characterization. We herein report the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of P. trunciflora using high-throughput sequencing and compare it to other previously sequenced Myrtaceae genomes. The cp genome of P. trunciflora is 159,512 bp in size, comprising inverted repeats of 26,414 bp and single-copy regions of 88,097 bp (LSC) and 18,587 bp (SSC). The genome contains 111 single-copy genes (77 protein-coding, 30 tRNA and four rRNA genes). Phylogenetic analysis using 57 cp protein-coding genes demonstrated that P. trunciflora, Eugenia uniflora and Acca sellowiana form a cluster with closer relationship to Syzygium cumini than with Eucalyptus. The complete cp sequence reported here can be used in evolutionary and population genetics studies, contributing to resolve the complex taxonomy of this species and fill the gap in genetic characterization.